©
Flickr cc Pierre-Olivier Fortin
Canada Travel Guide
©
Flickr cc Pierre-Olivier Fortin
The cultural heritage of Canada's indigenous peoples is fundamental to the country's identity and a highlight of any visit. They form, after all, the roots of the Canadian nation, even if they are often, unfairly, dismissed.
Canada's indigenous peoplesare split into three main ethnic groups,First Nations, Inuits and Métis. They currently represent about 4% of the nation. The term 'indigenous' is used here to describe the Americas' inhabitants before the arrival of European colonists. Each one has distinct, cultural differences. Each group within these ethnic populations has its own language, history and beliefs. In total over 50 languages are found amongst Canada's Amerindians.
But be careful, as we all have the tendancy to refer to these indigenous people as 'Indians'. And it stems from when Christopher Columbus arrived, believing he had reached India's shores. He immediately referred to the inhabitants he met as 'Indians', a label that stuck and which is still used when describing the continent's indigenous peoples.
It's a sad fact that Canada's indigenous peoplesare often marginalised from the rest of the population. They often live outside the areas occupied by Canadians and are afforded certain rights available only to indigenous populations. At the same time, this division has its downsides. Life in the 'reserves' is not without its social problems. Alcoholism, drug addiction, domestic violence and illiteracy are particularly prevalent amongst these communities.
If you'd like to learn more about Canada's indigenous peoples, you'll have plenty of opportunities as you tour this huge country. Here are some ideas well worth putting on your list of places to visit whilst on Canadian soil.
Firstly there's the Wendake reserve. Situated in Quebec, it's the home to the Huron-Wendat First Nation. Make sure you go on an empty stomach - their food is to die for. There's also a great and informative museum that explains their history in detail. Being on the outskirts of Quebec, it's not only fascinating but also easy to reach.
Quebec and Montreal are home to several museums that exhibit First Nations artwork. Make sure you visit the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts - it has a superb, permanent exhibition on Inuit art.
The Aboriginal Tourism Association of British Columbia organises tourist holidays in western Canada, where you can learn all about indigenous culture in its modern form.
If you find yourself in Saskatchewan, then head to the First Nations University of Canada. It's a wonderful melting pot, with students from a range of backgrounds, not just those from ethnic groups. Its architecture, which includes a campus designed by Douglas Cardinal, is well worth the time.
